Diasporas after the Roman Period
After the fall of Rome, many Jews spread over Europe, migrating into Italy, France, and Germany at the beginnning of 4th century A.D., and some Jews traveled or were exiled to England and Spain by the end of the 7th century. During the Crusades, from the 11th to 13th centuries, Crusaders killed and burned the Jews, wiping out their entire population in Jerusalem. As Christianity spread throughout the world, thousands of Jews were slaughtered, jailed, and tortured, and many Jews were exiled from Spain, England, France, Germany, Italy, and the Balkan Peninsula. During the 14th and 15th centuries, Jews fled to the Slavic kingdoms, Turkey, and Poland, where they were treated reasonably well.
During the 17th century, Jewish presence in Poland grew enormously, though mistreatments and massacres of Jews still occurred. Later on, Jews migrated to Palestine and rebuilt the city of Tiberius. During late 18th century, most Jews lived in Polish partitions between Russia, the kingdom of Prussia, and Austria. Also during this time period, Jews were allowed to become citizens in France, and the American Revolution granted Jews freedom of religion in the U.S. In the 19th century, Jews were allowed in Norway, Greece, Hungary, England, and more. During the Holocaust in the 20th century, the Nazis murdered around 6 million Jews in Eastern and Central Europe, forcing others to flee to Switzerland, Denmark, parts of France, and other countries safe from the Nazis. By the end of the Holocaust, Jews were spread all over Europe, with around 10 million European refugees total. Following World War II, a Jewish state in Palestine, Israel, was created, and the Jews returned to their homeland at last.
During the 17th century, Jewish presence in Poland grew enormously, though mistreatments and massacres of Jews still occurred. Later on, Jews migrated to Palestine and rebuilt the city of Tiberius. During late 18th century, most Jews lived in Polish partitions between Russia, the kingdom of Prussia, and Austria. Also during this time period, Jews were allowed to become citizens in France, and the American Revolution granted Jews freedom of religion in the U.S. In the 19th century, Jews were allowed in Norway, Greece, Hungary, England, and more. During the Holocaust in the 20th century, the Nazis murdered around 6 million Jews in Eastern and Central Europe, forcing others to flee to Switzerland, Denmark, parts of France, and other countries safe from the Nazis. By the end of the Holocaust, Jews were spread all over Europe, with around 10 million European refugees total. Following World War II, a Jewish state in Palestine, Israel, was created, and the Jews returned to their homeland at last.
Today, Jews live all over the world, with around 6 million Jews in Israel, 5-6 million in the U.S, and 3 million in other places around the globe.